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IS 2720-2 (1973): Methods of test for soils, Part 2: Determination of water content [CED 43: Soil and Foundation Engineering]
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IS: 2720 (Part II) -1173 (Reaffirmed 2010)
Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS
PART II DETERMINATION OF WATER CONTENT
( Second Revision)
Fifth Reprint FEBRUARY 1993
UDC 624.131.431.3
© Copyright 1973
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002
Gr 5 July 1913
IS t2720 (Part II) -1973
Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS
PART II DETERMINATION OF WATER CONTENT
( Second Revision )
Soil Engineering Sectional Committee, BDG 23
Chairman Representing
Prof Dinesh Mohan Central Building Research Institute ( CSIR ),
Roorkee
Members
Prof Alaic Sinoh University of Jodhpur, Jodhpur
Dr A. Banerjeb Cementation Co Ltd, Bombay
Shri S. Gupta ( AlUrnaU ) Shri B. B. L. Bhatnaoar Irrigation & Power Research Institute, Amritsar
Shri K. N. Dadina In personal capacity ( P 820, New Alipore,
Calcutta 53) Shri A. G. Dasttdar Hindustan Construction Co, Bombay
Shri R. L. Dew an Irrigation Research Institute, Khagaul, Patna
Dr G. S. Dhillon Indian Geotechnical Society, New Delhi
Director ( Central Soil Central Water & Power Commission, New Delhi
Mechanics Research Station ) Deputy Director ( CSMRS ) ( AlUrnaU ) Prof R. N. Doora Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi
Shri S. K. Gulhatt ( AlternaU ) Shri V. G. Hedge National Buildings Organization, New Delhi
Shri J. P. Sharma ( AlternaU ) Dr Iqbal Ali Engineering Research Laboratory, Hyderabad
Shri K. R. Saxena ( AlternaU ) Shri G.S.Jain Central Building Research Institute (CSIR),
Roorkee Shri D. R. Narahari ( Alternate) Joint Director Research ( FE ), Railway Board ( Ministry of Railways ) RDSO Deputy Director Research
( Soil Mechanics ), RDSO ( Alternate ) Shri G. Kueckelmann Rodio Foundation Engineering Ltd; and Hazarat &
Co, Bombay Shri A, H. Divanji ( AlUrnaU ) Shri O. P. Malhotra Buildings & Road Research Laboratory, Public
Works Department, Government of Punjab
(.Continued on page 2 )
® Copyright 1973
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act (XIV of 1957) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an Infringement of copyright under the said Act.
IS: 2720 (Part II) -1973
( Continued from page 1 )
Members Representing
Shjii M. A. Mehta Concrete Association of India, Bombay
Shri T. M. Menon ( Alternate ) Shri T. K. Natarajan Central Road Research Institute ( CSIR ), New Delhi
Research Officer Buildings & Roads Research Laboratory, Public
Works Department, Government of Punjab Maj K. M. S. Sahasi Engineer-in-CniePs Branch, Army Headquarters
Shri P. Puthuioamani (Alternate ) Secretary Central Board of Irrigation & Power, New Delhi
Dr Shamsher Prakash University of Roorkee, Roorkee
Shri H. D. Sharma Irrigation Research Institute, Roorkee
Shri S. N. Sinha Roads Wing ( Ministry of Shipping & Transport )
Shri A* S. Bishnoi ( Alternate ) Superintending Engineer ( Plan- Concrete & Soil Research Laboratory, Public Works nino and Design Circle ) Department, Government of Tamil Nadu
Executive Enoineer Incharge ( Soil Mechanics & Research Division ) ( Alternate ) Shri C. G. Swaminathan Institution of Engineers ( India ), Calcutta
Shri H. C. Verma All India Instruments Manufacturers & Dealers
Association, Bombay Shri V. K. Vasudevan ( Alternate ) Shri H. G. Verma Public Works Department, Government of Uttar
Pradesh Shri D. C. Chaturvedi ( Alternate ) Shri D. Ajitha Simha, Director General, ISI ( Ex-ojjicio Member)
Director ( Civ Engg )
Secretary
Shri C. Raman
Deputy Director ( Civ Engg ), ISI
Soil Testing Procedures and Equipment Subcommittee, BDC 23 : 3
Convener
Prof Alam Sinoh University of Jodhpur, Jodhpur
Members
Dr R. K. Bhandari Central Road Research Institute ( CSIR ), New Delhi
Shri T. N. BharGAVA Roads Wing ( Ministry of Shipping & Transport )
Shri A. S. Bishnoc ( Alternate ) Dr A. K. Chatterjee Public Work* Department, Government of Uttar
Pradesh Shri R. L. Dewan Irrigation Research Institute, Khagaul, Patna
DulectOR ( CSMRS ) Central Water & Power Commission, New Delhi
Deputy Director ( CSMRS ) ( Alternate ) Shri H. K, Guha Geologists' Syndicate Private Ltd, Calcutta
Shri N. N. Bhattacharyya ( Alternate ) Shri S. K. Gulati Indian Institute of Technology, -New Delhi
Shri O. P. Malbotra Buildings & Road Research Laboratory, Public Works
Department, Government of Punjab
Shri R, K. Aooarwa: [ llkrnaU)
(Continued on page 17}
AMENDMENT NO. 1 AUGUST 19S2
TO IS 1 2720 ( Part II )-1973 METHODS OF TEST
FOR SOILS
PART II DETERMINATION OF WATER CONTENT
f Second Revision J
Alteration*
( Page 4, clause 4.1 ):
a) Informal table, first column — Substitute the following for the exist- ing matter:
• 425**m IS Sieve
2-mm IS Sieve
4*75»mm IS Sieve
9 50-mm IS Sieve
19-mm IS Sieve
37-5-mm IS Sieve *
b) Note 1 — Substitute the following for the existing note: ' Not* 1 — For sizes of sieves, stt IS: 460 ( Part I )-1978f \
( Page 4, foot-note with * f * mark ) — Substitute the following for the existing foot-note:
' fSpecification for test sieves: Part I Wire cloth test sieves (seteni misim ). *
( Page 8, clause 16.1 ):
a) Informal table, first column — Substitute the following (or the exist* ing matter:
' 2-mm IS Sieve 19-mm IS Sieve *
b) Note 1 — Substitute the following for the existing note: • Noth 1 — For sizes of sieves, stt IS : 460 ( Part I )-I978» \
( Page 8, foot-note with ' * * mark ) — Substitute the following for the existing foot-note:
* "Specification Tor test sieves: Part I Wire cloth test sieves ( «r«W rmns*). '
( Page 14, clous* M.3, Note ) — Substitute the following for the exist- ing note:
1 Not* — If the sample it bulky, reverie the above placement, lhat ii9 put the sample in the chamber and the absorbent in the cup. In the case of clayey soils and pastes, place the 3 smaller and one bigger steel balls in the body along with the absorbent. *
( Page 15, clause 28.4, Note ) — Substitute the following for the exist* ing note:
* Not* — When steel balls are used, place the three imaller and one bigger balls in the body along with the absorbent and the sample in the cup and seal up the unit as usual. Hold the rapid moiiture meter vertical with the cup downwards and allow the absorbent with the balls to Tall into the cup. Shake the unit up and down vigorously in this position Tor about 15 seconds. Now invert the unit and allow the material to Tall into the body. Now holding the unit horizontal rotate it for 10 seconds so that the balls rolled round the inside circumference of the body. Rett for 20 seconds. Repeat the above cycle until the gauge reading is constant ( usually this takes 4 to 8 min ). Note the reading as usual.
( BDC 23 )
Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India
IS x2720 ( Part 0)- 1973
Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS
PART II DETERMINATION OF WATER CONTENT
(Second Revision)
0. FOREWORD
0.1 This Indian Standard ( Part II ) ( Second Revision ) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 22 March 1973, after the draft finalized by the Soil Engineering Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council.
0.2 With a view to establish uniform procedures for the determination of different characteristics of soils and also for facilitating comparative studies of the results, the Indian Standards Institution is bringing out this Indian Standard methods of test for soils ( IS : 2720 ) which will be published in parts.
0.3 This part was first published in 1964 and revised in 1969 to include two rapid field methods for the determination of water content in soils. In this second revision, rapid determination of water content with infra-red lamp torsion balance moisture meter and rapid deter- mination of water content from the gas pressure developed by the reaction of calcium carbide with the free water content of the soil have been included.
0.4 In the formulation of this standard due weightage has been given to international co-ordination among the standards and practices prevailing in different countries in addition to relating it to the practices in the field in this country*
0.5 In reporting the result of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS : 2-1960*.
SECTION I OVEN-DRYlNGMETHOD(STANDARD METHOD)
1. SCOPE
1.1 This method covers the determination of water content of soils expressed as a percentage of the oven^dry weight,
'Rules far rounding off numerical valuet (revised )•
S
Hi2720(PartII)-1973
2. TERMINOLOGY
2*0 For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given in IS : 2809-1972* shall apply.
3. APPARATUS
3.1 Container — Any suitable non-corrodible air-tight container.
3.2 Balance — of sufficient sensitivity to weigh the soil samples to an accuracy of 0*04 percent of the weight of the soil taken for the test (see 4.1).
33 Oven — thermostatically controlled, with interior of non-corroding material to maintain the temperature at 1 10 ± 5°C.
3*4 Desiccator — A desiccator with any suitable desiccating agent.
4. SOIL SPECIMEN
4.1 The soil specimen taken shall be representative of the soil mass. The size of the specimen selected depends on the quantity required for good representation, which is influenced by the gradatiom and the maximum size of particles, and on the accuracy of v eighing. The following quanti- ties arc recommended for general laboratory use:
Size of Particles Minimum Quantity of Soil
More Than 90 Percent Passing Specimen to1>e Token for Test
Mass ing
425-micron IS Sieve 25
2-mm IS Sieve 50
4;75-mm IS Sieve 200
10-mm IS Sieve 300
20-mm IS Sieve 500
40-mm IS Sieve 1 000
Not* i — For sizes of sieves, $m IS : 460- 1962 f.
Note 2 — Drier the soil, the greater ihall be the quantity of the soil taken.
Note 3 — Water content specimen should be discarded and should not be used in any other tests.
5. PROCEDURE
5.1 Clean the container with lid, dry and weigh ( W* )• Take the required quantity of the soil specimen in the container crumbled and placed loosely,
'Glossary of terms and symbols relating to soil engineering (fini uvitim ). {Specification for test sieves ( rtvisti).
IS 1 2720 (Part II) -1973
and weigh with lid ( W% ). Then keep it in an oven with the lid removed, and maintain the temperature of the oven at 1 10 i 5°G ( see Note ). Dry the specimen in the oven for 24 h. Every time the container is taken out for weighing. Replace the lid on the container and cool the container in a desiccator. Record the final mass ( W%) of the container with lid with dried soil sample.
Note — Oven-drying at 110 ± 5°C does not remit in reliable water content values for toil containing gypsum or other minerals having loosely bound water of hydration or for soil containing significant amounts of organic material. Reliable water content values for these soils can be obtained by drying in an oven at approximately 60 to 80°C.
6. CALCULATION
6.1 The percent of water content shall be calculated as follows:
where
w » water content percent, W% — mass of container with lid with wet soil ing, Wz = mass of container with lid with dry soil in g, and Wx = mass of container with lid in g.
7. REPORT
7.1 The water content ( w ) of the soil shall be reported to two significant figures,
7.2 The results of the test shall be suitably recorded. A recommended pre forma for this record is given in Appendix A.
SECTION 2 SAND-BATH METHOD ( SUBSIDIARY METHOD )
8. SCOPE
8.1 This method covers the determination of the water content of a soil as a percentage of its dry mass. It is intended as a rapid alternative to the method given in Section 1 but is less accurate and more suitable as a field test. The method shall not be used if it is suspected that the soil contains a large proportion of gypsum calcareous matter or organic matter.
9. APPARATUS
9.1 Container — any suitable non-corrodible air-tight container,
5
IS: 2720 (Part II) -1973
9.2 Heat-Resistant Tray — of suitable metal and about 5 to 7 cm deep.
9.3 Balance — of sufficient sensitivity to weigh the soil samples to an accuracy of 0-4 percent of the mass of the soil taken for the test.
9.4 Sand-Bath — of suitable size and containing clean sand to a depth of at least 3 cm.
9.5 Equipment for Heating the Sand-Bath — kerosene stove or spirit
lamp.
9.6 Palette Knife or Steel Spatula — a convenient size is one having a blade 10 cm long and 2 cm wide.
9.7 Scoop — a convenient size is one about 20 cm long and 1 0 cm wide.
10. SOIL SPECIMEN
10.1 The mass of soil specimen taken for the test shall be in accordance with 4.1.
11. PROCEDURE
11.1 Clean the container with lid or the tray, as the case may be, dry and weigh ( Wj ). Take the required quantity of the soil specimen in the container crumbled and placed loosely and weigh ( W%). Add a few pieces .of white paper if necessary ( j**Note). Place the container with the lid removed or the tray on the sand-bath and heat the sand?bath. Care shall be taken not to get the sand-bath too hot. During heating, the specimen shall be turned frequently* and thoroughly with the palette knife to assist the evaporation of water, care being taken to see that no soil is lost in the process; Dry the specimen to constant mass indicated by the difference between two consecutive masses of the container with lid or the tray with the dried specimen taken at suitable intervals after initial drying, being a maximum of (H percent of the original mass of the soil specimen. When drying is complete, remove the container or the tray from the sand- bath, cool and weigh ( Wt). The container should be weighed with lid.
Note — Avoid overheating. A convenient method of detecting overheating of the soil is by the use of small pieces of white paper mixed with the soil. Overheating is indicated if the paper turns brown.
12. CALCULATION
12*1 The percentage of water content shall be calculated at follows:
w „ W*~ W^ x ioo
IS: 2720 (Part II) -1973
where
w = water content percent,
W% «* mass of container with lid ( or tray ) with wet soil in g,
Wz «« mass of container with lid ( or tray ) with dry soil in g, and
Wj =3 mass of container with lid (or tray) in g.
13. REPORT
13.1 The water content and the results of tests shall be reported in accordance with 7.1 and 7*2.
SECTION 3 ALCOHOL METHOD (SUBSIDIARY METHOD)
14. SCOPE
14.1 This method covers the determination of the water content of a soil as a percentage of its dry mass. It is intended as a rapid alternative to the method given in Section 1 but is less accurate and is more suitable as a field test. Since methylated spirit is used, care shall be taken against risk of fire. The method shall not be used if the soil contains a large proportion of clay, gypsum, calcareous matter or organic matter.
15. APPARATUS
15.1 Evaporating Dish — 10 to 15 cm in diameter.
15.2 Palette Knife or Steel Spatula — having a blade 10 cm long and 2 cm wide.
15.3 Balance — of sufficient iensitivity to weigh the soil samples to an accuracy of 0*4 percent of the mass of the soil taken for the test.
15.4 Methylated Spirit
16. SOIL SPECIMEN
16*1 The soil specimen taken shall be representative of the soil mass. The size of the specimen selected depends on the quantity required for good representation, which is influenced by the gradation and the maxi- mum size of particles, and on the accuracy of weighing. The following
IS: 2720 (Part II) -1973
quantities are recommended for general use:
Siz* of Particles Minimum Quantity of Soil
More Than 90 Percent Passing Specimen to be Taken for Test
Mass in g
2-mm IS Sieve 30
20-mm IS Sieve 300
Notb I — For sizes of sieves, s$$ IS : 46<M962*.
Notb 2 — Drier the soil, the greater shall be the quantity of the soil taken.
Not* 3 — Water content samples should be discarded and should not be used in any other tests,
17. PROCEDURE
17.1 Clean the evaporating dish, dry and weigh ( Wl ). Take the required quantity of the soil specimen in the evaporating dish and weigh ( WJ). Pour over the soil methylated spirit at the rate of about one millilitre For every gram of soil taken so that the soil is well covered. Work the methy- lated spirit well into the soil with the palette knife and break up any large lumps of soil. Place the evaporating dish on a surface which will not be affected by heat and ignite the methylated spirit. Stir the soil constantly with the spatula or knife, care being taken to see that none of the soil is lost. After the methylated spirit has burnt away completely allow the dish to cool and weigh it with the contents ( W%).
18. CALCULATION
18.1 The percentage of water content shall be calculated as follows:
w wt- wx * l0°
where
w m water content percent, W% — mass of dish with wet soil in g, W% = mass of dish with dry soil in g, and Wx ■= mass of dish in g.
19. REPORT
19.1 The water content and the results of tests shall be reported in accordance with 7.1 and 7.2.
•Specification for test sieves {noised).
8
IS t 2720 (Part II) -1973
SECTION 4 RAPID DETERMINATION OF WATER
CONTENT WITH INFRA-RED LAMP TORSION
BALANCE MOISTURE METER
20. SCOPE
20.1 This section describes a method for rapid determination of water content of soils employing a device providing infra-red lamp for drying and torsion balance for getting of pcrcenlage of water on wet basis from a scale, and the results obtained are convertible to water content on dry basis*
Note — The water estimation with this method takei 15 to 30 min depending upon the type of soil and quantity of water present. Plastic soils might take about 30 min. The reproducibility of readings is within *0*25 percent. The probable error is about * 0'3 percent water content in case of grafiular soils and about 0*8 to 1 per- cent in case of clayi.
21. APPARATUS
21.1 Infra-red Lamp and Torsion Balance Moisture Meter — The
moisture meter is illustrated in its essential details in Fig. 1 and 2.
21.1.1 The equipment should be of two main parts, the infra-red lamp, and the torsion balance. The infra-red radiation should be provided by 250 watt lamp built in the balance for use with an alternating current 220-230 V, 50 cycle, single phase mains supply. Provision should be made to adjust the input voltage to the infra-red lamp to control the heat for drying of specimen. A suitable thermometer graduated from 40 to 150°C should be provided for ascertaining the temperature of drying in the pan housing. The weighing mechanism, a torsion balance, should have a built in magnetic damper. The .balance scale should be divided in terms of water percentages, from 1 to 100 percent water content in 0*2 percent divisions.
21.2 Palette Knife or Steel Spatula — having a blade 10 cm long and 2 cm wide.
22. SOIL SPECIMEN
22.1 The soil specimen taken shall be representative of the soil mass. The specimen should weigh 25 g. As this moisture meter is calibrated to use 25 g of soil, the maximum size of particle present in the specimen shall be less than 2 mm.
23. PROCEDURE
23.1 Keep the test samples always in suitable containers so that the water content to be determined is not affected by ambient conditions.
IS j 2720 (Part II) -1973
TO IR LAMP
TO 230 V SINGLE PHASE 50 c/» AC MAINS SUPPLY
Dtseription
Description
|
J. |
Base |
13. |
Calibrated drum |
|
2. |
Pan housing |
14. |
Wire grip for balance |
|
3. |
Pan |
15. |
Gear |
|
4. |
On-off switch |
16. |
Torsion wire |
|
5. |
Wire tensioner |
17. |
Pointer |
|
6. |
Initial adjustment knob |
18. |
Right-hand wire grip |
|
7. |
Left-hand wire grip |
19. |
Drum drive knob |
|
8. |
Gear |
20. |
Index mark |
|
9. |
Damping magnet |
21. |
Lock |
|
10. |
Damping vane |
22. |
Variac knob ( for heat control ) |
|
11. |
Balance arm |
28. |
Thermometer |
|
12. |
Stopper |
29. |
Thermometer bracket |
Fro. I Torsion Balance Moisture Meter (0-100 Percent)
Plan (Cover Removed)
10
ISi 2720 (Part II) -1973
TO *30 V SINGLEL PHASE SO c/s AC MAINS SUPPLY
Description
1. Base
2. Pan housing 4, On-off switch
6. Initial adjustment knob
19. Drum drive knob
22. Variac knob ( for heat control )
23. Cover
Description
24. Lamp housing
25. Lifting handle
26. Viewing lens
27. Locking screw
28. Thermometer
29. Thermometer bracket SO. Indicating lamp
Fio. 2 Torsion Balance Moisture Meter (0-100 Percent)
Front View .
11
ISs2720(PartII)-1973
23*2 Set the 100 percent scale division of the calibrated drum to align with the index mark with the help of drum drive knob.
23.3 With the pan placed on the pivot, check that the pointer is aligned with the index line and the 100 percent scale division. If not, set the pointer with the help of initial setting knob.
23.4 Rotate the drum drive knob an ti -clockwise and bring the 0 percent scale division in line with the index mark, thus prestressing the wire through an amount equal to 100 percent ( this represents the amount of unbalance ). The pointer will now be above the index mark.
23«5 Raise the lamp housing and carefully distribute the test material evenly on the sample pan until the pointer returns to the index mark ( approximately 25 g of the material will be needed in one operation ).
23.6 Lower the lamp housing and switch on the infra-red lamp with the help of the switch provided on the left-hand side. Insert the thermometer in its socket and bracket. Adjust the variac control knob between 95 and 100 on the scale if it is desired that the temperature of drying is around 110°G. The sample will now begin to lose water and the pointer will rise above the index.
Note — Keep a watch on the column of mercury on the thermometer when the thermometer records a temperature of 105° G, control the variac in such a manner that there is no more rise in the temperature beyond 110*0 and the temperature in the housing is maintained at 1 10 * 5°C. If for a particular sample, the temperature is to be higher or lower than 1 10°C, the variac control knob can be adjusted accordingly.
23-7 To determine the percentage reduction of mass at any instant, rotate the drum scale by turning the drum drive knob until the pointer returns to the index. Read the percentage directly from the scale. The percent water which is read from the scale is the percent water based upon the initial mais of the sample, that is, the wet mass of the sample.
23.8 The criterion for taking the final reading is that the pointer should remain steady on the index mark which shows that the sample has dried to constant mass. Note the drum scale reading against the pointer which is the percent water on the total mass taken. Remove the thermometer from its bracket.
23 #9 Repeat steps 23*1 to 23.8 with a fresh sample using a cool and clean pan.
24- CALCULATION
24*1 From the water content ( m ) as obtained on the moisture balance scale, the water content ( to ) on the dry weight basis shall be calculated mi follows:
W " 100 -m X 10° PCrcCnt 12
IS 1 2720 (Part IV) -1973
SECTION 5 RAPID DETERMINATION OF WATER
CONTENT FROM THE GAS PRESSURE DEVELOPED
BY THE REACTION OF CALCIUM CARBIDE
WITH THE FREE WATER OF THE SOIL
25. SCOPE
25.1 This section describes a method for rapid determination of water content from the gas pressure developed by the reaction of calcium car- bide with the free water of the soil. From the calibrated scale of the pressure gauge the percentage of water on total ( wet ) mass of soil is obtained and the same is converted to water content on dry mass of soil.
26. APPARATUS
26.1 Metallic Pressure Veftsel — with clamp for scaling cup, and a gauge calibrated in percentage water content ( see Fig. 3 ).
26.2 Counterpoised Balance — for weighing sample as shown in Fig- 3.
26.3 Scoop — for measuring absorbent ( calcium carbide).
26.4 One Bottle of the Absorbent ( Calcium Carbide )
26.5 One Cleaning Brush
26.6 Steel Balls — three steel balls of about 12-5 mm diameter and one steel ball of 25 mm diameter.
27. SOIL SPECIMEN
27.1 Sand requires no special preparation. Coarse powders may be ground and pulverized. Cohesive and plastic soils and material are tested with addition of steel balls in the pressure vessels. This test requires about 6 g of soil sample.
28. TEST PROCEDURE
28.1 Set up the balance. Place sample in pan till the mark on the balance arm mass lines up with the index mark.
28.2 Un clamp the clamping screw of the instrument sufficiently to move the U-clamp off the cup. Lift off the cup. Check that cup and body are clean; otherwise clean it using a brush.
28.3 Hold the body horizontal and gently deposit one level scoopful of absorbent ( calcium carbide ) halfway inside the chamber. Then lay the chamber down without disturbing the absorbent charge. Transfer tie
13
IS: 2720 (Part II). 1973
Description
h Scoop
2. Balance base
3. Index mark
4. Balance arm
5. Stirrup
6. Pan
Description
7. Gauge 0-50%
8. Body
9. Cup
10. U-clamp
11. Clamp screw
Fig. 3 Rapid Moisturb Meter
soil weighed out as above from the pan to the cup. Holding cup and chamber approximately horizontal bring them together without disturb- ing sample or absorbent, bring the U-clamp round and clamp the cup tightly into place.
Non — If thfe sample is bulky reverse the above placements, that is, put the sample in the chamber and the absorbent in the cup. In the case of clayey soils and pastes, place the 3 smaller steel balls in the cup along with the sample and larger one in the body along with the absorbent.
28.4 With gauge downwards ( except when the steel balls are used ) shake the moisture meter up and down vigorously for 5 seconds, then quickly turn it so that the gauge is upwards, give a tap to the body of the moisture meter to ensure that all the contents fall into the cup. Hold the rapid
14
IS : 2720 ( Par tn). 1973
moisture meter downwards, again shake for 5 seconds, then turn it with gauge upwards and tap. Hold for one minute. Repeat this for a third time. Once more invert the rapid moisture meter and shake up and down to cool the gas. Turn the rapid moisture meter with the gauge upwards and dial horizontal held at chest height. When the needle comes to rest take the reading. The readings on the meter are the percentages of water on the wet mass basis.
Note — When steel balls are used place the 3 smaller balls in the cup along with the soil and the larger one in the body along with the absorbent and seal up the unit as usual. Hold the rapid moisture meter vertical so that the material in the cup falls into the body. Now holding the unit horizontal rotate it for 10 seconds so that the balls are rolled round the inside circumference of the body. Rest for 20 seconds. Repeat the rotation-rest cycle until the gauge reading is constant ( usually thia takes 4 to 8 min). Note the reading as usual.
28.5 Finally release the pressure slowly (away from the operator) by opening the clamp screw and taking the cup out, empty the contents and clean the instrument with a brush.
29. CALCULATION
29.1 From the water content ( m ) obtained on the wet mass basis as the reading on the rapid moisture meter, the water content ( w ) on the dry mass basis shall be calculated as follows:
m
w =3
77777; r X 100 percent
( 100 — m) r
Note -•» The absorbent is highly susceptible to absorption of moisture and so shall not be exposed to atmosphere; as a result the absorbent suffers deterioration and will give results on the lower side. Replace the lid of the absorbent container firmly as soon as the required amount of the absorbent for a tat is taken from the bottle* The absor- bent suffers deterioration with time.
15
IS t 2720 (Part II) -1973
APPENDIX A
( Clause 7.2 )
PRO FORMA FOR RECORD OF RESULTS OF TEST FOR THE DETERMINATION OF WATER CONTENT OF SOIL
Details of soil sample : Method of test adopted :
Tested by
Oven drying : Sand-bath : Alcohol :
|
1. Container No. |
|
|
2. Mass of container and wet soil W2, in g |
|
|
3. Mass of container and dry soil W& in g 4. Mass of container Wv in g |
|
|
5. Mass of dry soil ( Wz — Wx ), in g |
|
|
6. Mass of moisture ( Wt — Wt ), in g |
|
|
W — W 7. Water content w = ^ {£ X 100% |
16
ISs2720(PartII)-1973
( Continued from page 2 )
Members Representing
Shri G.S.Jain Central Building Research Institute ( CSIR ),
Roorkee
Shri Amar Sinoh ( Alternate ) Dr V. V. S. Rao United Technical Consultant! Pvt Ltd, New Delhi
Shri K. K. Gupta ( Alternate ) Maj K. M. S. Sahasi Engineer-in-Chief's Branch, Army Headquarters
Prof R. B. Sinoh Banaras Hindu University, Banaras
Shri H. C. Verma Associated Instrument Manufacturers ( India ) Pvt
Ltd, New Delhi
Shri M. N. Balioa ( Alternate )
17
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
Headquarters:
Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELH1 1 10002
Telephones: 331 01 31. 331 13 75 Telegrams: Manaksanstha
( Common to alt Offices )
Regional Offices: Telephone
Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, (331 01 31
NEW DELHI 110002 7331 13 75
•Eastern : 1 /1 4 C. I. T. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, 36 24 99
Maniktola, CALCUTTA 700054 ' Northern : SCO 445-446, Sector 35-C, ( 2 1 8 43
CHANDIGARH 160036 I 3 16 41
f 41 24 42 Southern : C. I. T. Campus, MADRAS 600113 \ 41 25 19
141 29 16 fWestern : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri ( East ), 6 32 92 95 BOMBAY 400093
Branch Offices:
'Pushpak*. Nurmohamed Shaikh Marg, Khanpur, ( 2 63 48
AHMADABAD 380001 J 2 63 49
JPeenya Industrial Area 1st Stage, Bangalore Tumkur Road (38 49 55
BANGALORE 560058 {38 49 56
Gangotn Complex, 5th Floor, Bhadbhada Road, T. T. Nagar, 6 67 16
BHCPAL 462003
Plot No. 82/83. Lewis Road, BHUBANESHWAR 751002 5 36 27
63/5. Ward No 29, R.G. Barua Road. 6th Byelane, 3 31 77
GUWAHATI 781003
5-8-56C L. N. Gupta Marg ( Nampally Station Road ). 23 10 83
HYDERABAD 500001
R1 4 Yudhister Marg. C Scheme. JAIPUR 302005 { q ^ 32
117/418 B Sarvodaya Nagar, KANPUR 208005 ||] |* ™
Patliputra Industrial Estate, PATNA 80001 3 6 23 05
T.C. No. 14/1421. University P.O.. Palayam /6 21 04
TRIVANDRUM 696035 \6 21 17
Inspection Offices ( With Sale Point ):
Pushpanjali, First Floor, 205-A West High Court Road, 2 51 71
Shankar Nagar Square, NAGPUR 440010 Institution of Engineers ( India ) Building. 1 332 Shivaji Nagar, 5 24 35
PUNE411005
•Sales Office in Calcutte it at 5 Chowringhee Approach, P. O. Princep 27 68 00 Street. Calcutta 700072
tSalet Office in Bombay fa at Novelty Chambers, Grant Road. 89 66 28 Bombay 400007
{Sales Office in Bangalore is at Unity Building. Narasimharaja Square. 22 36 71 Bangalore 560002
Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India